Pain systems in our bodies can sometimes malfunction, just like any other system. After an injury, trauma, or serious illness, the pain system may stay active even after the original problem has healed. This is not fully understood, but it happens more often than you might think. It can be very stressful and significantly affect your mood, sleep, and overall health.
There are typical signs that your GP and physiotherapist can identify. For example, some people experience pain all over their body or feel like they are covered in a blanket of pain. Others may have increased sensitivity to touch or discomfort when certain areas of the body are examined. Many also struggle with poor sleep and "brain fog," which can make it hard to think clearly. Usually, physical exams and tests like X-rays or blood tests don’t show any serious problems. The important thing to remember is that, in these cases, pain is not linked to ongoing damage, which can be reassuring for many people. With the right support, the long-term outlook can be very good.
When you see a rheumatologist, it’s often to confirm with your GP that there are no other diagnoses being missed. Research shows that the best ways to manage these conditions are not through medications but through lifestyle changes that help retrain the pain response. One effective method is a progressive exercise program. While it’s not entirely clear why exercise helps, studies have repeatedly shown its benefits, likely due to several factors.
Improving sleep is also important since poor sleep can make pain feel worse. Addressing any mood issues is crucial as well, because a low mood can affect sleep and make it harder to participate in activities that help break the cycle of chronic pain. There are psychologists and exercise physiologists who specialize in these areas. A thorough consultation with your GP can provide useful information and contacts to help you start addressing these issues.